Determining the air mass reliably and accurately contributes to greater fuel combustion efficiency.
Via the crankshaft speed sensor the engine management system measures the speed, position and rotational direction of the crankshaft.
The unit pump injection system (UPS) injects the fuel into the engine cylinder.
The MCRS provides a perfectly metered injection for more efficient consumption.
The electronic throttle valve regulates the intake manifold cross-section.
The fuel rail receives the fuel from the fuel-supply system and distributes it to the fuel injectors.
The wideband lambda sensor supplies current measured data from the exhaust tract.
The knock sensor identifies the high-frequency engine vibrations characteristic of knocking and transmits a signal to the ECU.
The DC/DC converter delivers power to the 12 V vehicle boardnet by transforming power from a HV battery.
The electronic immobilizer secures the vehicle against theft.